Bismuth

Bismuth (CAS 7440-69-9, EC 231-177-4, formula Bi) is a naturally occurring metal element, also known as Wismut or Bismuth-209, recovered from ores including bismutite and bismuthinite as well as from lead ore processing. It carries no assigned E-code and is classified under Salts & Minerals.

In plastics and polymers, bismuth compounds act as flame retardants by disrupting combustion chemistry in the gas phase, reducing heat release without halogenated additives. As a catalyst, bismuth promotes selective oxidation reactions in organic synthesis. Its antimicrobial action, used in pharmaceutical formulations, relies on bismuth ions interfering with bacterial enzyme function and disrupting cell membranes.

Bismuth metal is supplied in shot form and is subject to REACH registration requirements within the EU. Procurement teams should confirm grade specifications against application requirements, whether industrial catalyst grade or pharmaceutical-compliant material. HS code 81060010 applies for import and export classification across European customs jurisdictions.