Vanadium
Description
Vanadium (CAS 7440-62-2) is a transition metal supplied in elemental form for use across metallurgical, catalytic, and energy storage applications. It functions primarily as an alloying agent and catalyst component.
Its addition modifies the performance characteristics of end materials at relatively low concentrations. In steel and titanium alloy production, it increases hardness and tensile strength for industrial use.
This makes it a critical input for high-strength structural steels used in automotive frames, pipelines, and aerospace components. Refineries use vanadium-based catalysts in fluid catalytic cracking.
It also supports sulfuric acid production, where it drives key oxidation reactions at industrial scale. Vanadium redox flow batteries depend on elemental vanadium as the primary feedstock for electrolyte.
These batteries are increasingly deployed in grid-scale energy storage. In polymerization processes, it functions as a catalyst precursor for producing ethylene-propylene rubbers and other specialty polymers.
The material is supplied as powder, flakes, and solid pieces, with purity grades ranging from technical to high-purity (99.5%+) for demanding catalytic and battery applications.
Standard specifications include technical grade for metallurgical use and high-purity grades for chemical and energy storage applications. Packaging is typically offered in sealed containers.
These specialized containers prevent oxidation during storage and transit. This ensures the material maintains its integrity for sensitive chemical reactions and high-performance alloy manufacturing.
Physical Properties
| Melting Point | 1917 °C |
| Boiling Point | 3407 °C |
| Density | 6.11 g/cm³ @ Temp: 18.7 °C |
| Appearance | Silvery-white ductile solid. Insoluble in water; resistant to corrosion, but soluble in nitric, hydrofluoric, and concentrated sulfuric acids; attacked by alkali, forming water-soluble vanadates. Acts as either a metal or a nonmetal and forms a variety of |
| Color | Silver-gray |
| Form | turnings |
| Water Solubility | insoluble H2O; reacts with hot H2SO4, HF, HNO3, aqua regia [MER06] |
| Vapor Pressure | 8 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| pH | 0.5 (20°C in H2O) |
Trade & Regulatory
| HS Code | 8112 92 91 |
| UN Number | 3289 |
| ADR Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Storage Class | 13 - Non Combustible Solids |
| WGK (Germany) | 3 |
Documentation
Other Names
element 23|23V|Vanadium, elemental|VANADIUM ION|Vanadium metallicum|vanadio|00J9J9XKDE|vanadium(3+) ion
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