Fumaric acid

CAS Number
110-17-8
EC Number
203-743-0
E Number
E297
FEMA Number
FEMA 2488

What is Fumaric acid?

Fumaric acid (CAS 110-17-8), also designated E297, is a naturally occurring organic acid used commercially as an acidulant, pH regulator, and preservative in food and personal care manufacturing.

Where is Fumaric acid used?

  • Food and beverage: acidulant in baked goods, fruit-flavored drinks, and gelatin desserts, with a tart, clean flavor at lower inclusion rates than competing acids
  • Dry baking mixes: leavening acid reacting with sodium bicarbonate to control gas release and improve texture
  • Food systems: preservative aid inhibiting microbial growth and extending shelf life in dry and semi-moist applications
  • Personal care: pH adjuster in rinse-off products and topical formulations where buffering stability across varying temperatures is a priority

Good to know: Its low cost relative to citric and tartaric acid, combined with high acidity efficiency at low use levels, makes it a practical choice for formulators managing performance and input costs.

Commercial specifications

  • Technical-grade material is available for non-food industrial applications requiring less purity

Other Names (Synonyms)

trans-Butenedioate|trans-but-2-enedioic acid|trans-2-Butenedioic acid|trans-2-Butenedioate|trans-1,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid|trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylate|Lichenic acid|Lichenate|E297

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What are the physical properties of Fumaric acid?

Melting Point 200 °C (sublm)
Boiling Point 522 °C
Density 1.635 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C
Flash Point 230 °C
Appearance Fumaric acid is a colorless to white, odorless crystalline powder. Fruity-acidic taste.
Color White
Odor odorless
Form Fine Crystalline Powder
Water Solubility 0.63 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Vapor Pressure 1.7 mm Hg ( 165 °C)
Refractive Index 1.5260 (estimate)
pH 2.1 (4.9g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Log P -4.02 at 20℃

How is Fumaric acid classified and handled safely? Learn More

Warning
GHS07· Irritant

Hazard Statements

H319 Causes serious eye irritation
H402 Harmful to aquatic life

Precautionary Statements

P273 Avoid release to the environment.
P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations.
P264+P265 Wash … thoroughly after handling.
P337+P317 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Get emergency medical help.
P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

Which trade and regulatory codes apply to Fumaric acid?

HS Code 29171900
UN Number 9126
Storage Class 11 - Combustible Solids
WGK (Germany) 1
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