Maleic acid

CAS Number
110-16-7
EC Number
203-742-5
Chemical Formula
C4H4O4
Molecular Weight
116.07 g/mol

Description

Maleic acid (CAS 110-16-7), also known commercially as Toxilic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid used across food, pharmaceutical, and personal care manufacturing. It functions primarily as an acidulant, pH buffer, and flavoring agent in finished formulations. In food and beverage production, maleic acid adjusts tartness and acidity profiles in beverages, confectionery, and fruit-flavored products where a sharp, clean acid note is required. This versatile chemical ensures consistent flavor profiles across various batches.

Pharmaceutical formulators use it to form maleate salts with active ingredients, improving stability and solubility of oral dosage forms. This process is critical for enhancing the bioavailability of certain medications in the healthcare sector. In personal care, it is incorporated into hair treatment products, particularly bond-repair and straightening systems, where it helps restore and cross-link damaged hair structure. It is a key component in modern professional hair care lines.

It also functions as a pH regulator in topical formulations, ensuring product stability and compatibility with skin-contact applications. Maintaining the correct pH is essential for the shelf life and safety of cosmetic emulsions. Maleic acid is supplied as a white crystalline powder or granule. Standard commercial grades include food-grade (FCC) and pharmaceutical-grade (USP/BP) specifications, with technical grade available for industrial applications.

Packaging typically ranges from 25 kg bags to bulk quantities depending on grade and application requirements. Our logistics team ensures that all shipments meet the necessary safety and quality standards for global distribution.

Other Names (Synonyms)

cis-butenedioic acid|Toxilic acid|(2Z)-but-2-enedioic acid|Maleinic acid|Malenic acid|(Z)-Butenedioic acid|cis-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid|2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-

Key Technical Features

  • High Purity Grade standard
  • Consistent Batch Quality
  • Full Regulatory & REACH Support
  • Global Logistics Network enabled

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Physical Properties

Melting Point 131 °C
Boiling Point 138 °C
Density 1.590 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C
Flash Point 127 °C
Appearance Maleic acid is a white crystalline solid. Faint, acid like odor.
Color White
Odor Faint odor
Form Powder/Solid
Water Solubility 790 g/L (25 ºC)
Vapor Pressure 0.001Pa at 20℃
Refractive Index 1.5260 (estimate)
pH 1.3 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Log P -1.3 at 20℃

Documentation

Safety & Handling Learn More

Warning
GHS07· Irritant GHS05· Corrosive GHS08· Health Hazard

Hazard Statements

H302 Harmful if swallowed
H312 Harmful in contact with skin
H315 Causes skin irritation
H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction

Precautionary Statements

P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264 Wash … thoroughly after handling.
P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

Trade & Regulatory

HS Code 29171900
Storage Class 8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials
WGK (Germany) 1
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