Theophylline
Description
Theophylline (CAS 58-55-9) is a methylxanthine compound used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in respiratory therapeutics and as a reference standard in analytical and formulation development.
Procurement is driven primarily by finished dosage form manufacturers and API suppliers operating under tightly controlled regulatory frameworks. In pharmaceutical manufacturing, it is formulated into bronchodilator tablets.
It is also used in capsules and extended-release oral dosage forms targeting obstructive airway conditions. It serves as a buffering and pH-modulating agent in select injectable and liquid formulations.
Cosmetic formulators incorporate it into topical products targeting cellulite and skin-firming claims. It functions as an active ingredient in caffeine-adjacent compound systems for specialized skincare.
Analytical laboratories source it as a certified reference standard for HPLC method development and pharmacokinetic studies. Theophylline is supplied as a white crystalline powder in various forms.
Standard grades include USP, BP, and Ph. Eur., with anhydrous and hydrate specifications distinguished across pharmacopeias. Bulk quantities are available for API-scale manufacturing.
Smaller quantities are offered for R&D and quality control applications. This ensures that both large-scale production and laboratory-scale testing requirements are met with high-purity material.
Physical Properties
| Melting Point | 270 °C |
| Boiling Point | 312.97°C (rough estimate) |
| Density | 1.51 g/cm³ (crystal) |
| Flash Point | 11 °C |
| Appearance | white to light yellow crystal powder |
| Color | white |
| Form | powder |
| Water Solubility | 8.3 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Refractive Index | 1.6700 (estimate) |
| Log P | -0.020 |
Safety & Handling (Learn More)
Trade & Regulatory
| HS Code | 29399900 |
| UN Number | 2811 |
| ADR Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Storage Class | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3 toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| WGK (Germany) | 1 |
Documentation
Other Names
1,3-dimethylxanthine|1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione|1,3-dimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione|theophylline anhydrous|Theolair|Nuelin|1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,9-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-|1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-
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