Gluconic acid

Gluconic acid (CAS 526-95-4), also identified as E574 in food additive classifications, is a mild organic acid produced by the oxidation of glucose. It functions primarily as a chelating agent, acidulant, and pH buffer across food, pharmaceutical, industrial, and personal care markets.

In water treatment, it sequesters calcium, magnesium, and iron ions to prevent scale formation and improve the performance of cleaning and concrete admixture formulations. Food and beverage manufacturers use it as an acidulant where a smooth, non-astringent sourness is required.

This is particularly useful in dairy products, baked goods, and mineral-fortified drinks. Pharmaceutical formulators rely on it to produce mineral gluconate salts, where controlled bioavailability of calcium, iron, or zinc is a formulation priority.

In personal care, it acts as a chelating agent and mild exfoliant in rinse-off and leave-on skin formulations targeting sensitive skin. Gluconic acid is supplied as a 50% aqueous solution, which is the dominant commercial form for industrial and food-grade applications.

Solid forms are available but less common in bulk trade. Grades include food-grade (FCC), pharmaceutical-grade (USP), and technical-grade to meet the sourcing requirements of different regulated markets.