Gallic acid

Gallic acid (CAS 149-91-7) is a natural polyphenolic organic acid derived primarily from tannin-rich plant sources such as gallnuts and tea. It functions as an antioxidant, antimicrobial agent, and UV stabilizer across pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic manufacturing. Pyrogallol-5-carboxylic acid is an alternative name occasionally encountered in technical literature. In pharmaceutical manufacturing, it serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of trimethoprim and propyl gallate.

The latter is a widely regulated antioxidant for fats and oils. Food producers use it to extend the shelf life of lipid-containing products by inhibiting oxidative rancidity in edible oils, packaged snacks, and meat-based formulations. Cosmetic and personal care formulators incorporate it into sunscreen and anti-aging products. Its UV-absorbing and antioxidant activity helps protect both the formulation and the end user's skin from oxidative degradation.

It also functions as a preservative and astringent active in topical preparations targeting skin tone and texture. This versatile compound is supplied as a white to off-white crystalline powder for various industrial uses. Standard grades include food-grade and pharmaceutical-grade material, with purity levels typically at 98% or higher. These grades often meet rigorous quality standards such as USP, FCC, or Ph.Eur. requirements.

Technical-grade material is available for industrial applications such as ink manufacturing and tanning processes. This ensures that manufacturers can select the appropriate purity level for their specific production needs and regulatory environments.